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GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL ACT 2004 (1948

PART -V ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

48. Justice shall be affordable and speedy. Elementary civil and criminal justice shall be administered by the village panchayats in such manner and subject to such restrictions and supervision as may be prescribed by law.

49. Justice shall be administered by Judges in public courts, established for the purpose. The court shall comprise courts of first instance and also courts of appeal.

50. Subject to the provisions of this Act, the organization and management of courts, the distribution of jurisdiction and business among the court judges, the method of recruitment, terms and conditions of service of Judges and all other matters relating to administration of justice shall be regulated by law.

51. Special courts may, in extraordinary circumstances, be established by Shree Teen Maharaja, if he considers that the procedure of ordinary courts would not be adequate to secure the preservation of public peace and order.

52. (a) Shree Teen Maharaja shall appoint from among the members of the Legislative Assembly, a Judicial Committee, which shall consist of not more than twelve members including two members with special qualifications from outside the Legislative Assembly.
(b) The Committee shall have Authority-
(i) To frame Rules and Sawals (Regulations) to secure justice for all, regarding composition of the benches, proceeding of the Hearing, in the special cases so prescribed.
(ii) To carry out the provisions as specified in Section 67 of this Act.
(c) Subject to the provisions of this Act, Rules regarding the composition and functions of this Committee shall from time to time be framed by the Government.
53. (a) There shall be a Supreme Court for Nepal (Pradhan Nyayalaya).
(b) The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and such other Judges, not exceeding twelve in numbers, as Shree Teen Maharaja may from time to time deem it necessary to appoint.
Provided that Shree Teen Maharaja may, on the recommendation of the Chief Justice, appoint to act as additional
judges of the Supreme Court, for such period, not exceeding two years, as may be required; and the judges so appointed shall, while so acting, have all the powers of a judge of the Supreme
Court.
54. Every permanent judge of the Supreme Court shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty-five years:
(a) A judge may by resignation under his hand addressed to Shree Teen Maharaja resign his office;
(b) Shree Teen Maharaja shall not remove any judge from his office unless the joint sessions of the Legislative Assembly do not pass a resolution on the ground incapacity and misbehaviour.

(c) Shree Teen Maharaja shall remove a judge, if the Judicial
Committee recommends to him that a judge is incapacitated or incapable, on the ground of committing High Crimes on being mentally or physically incapable to discharge his duty.
(d) The judges of the Supreme Court shall receive such remunerationas Shree Teen Maharaja may fix; but the remuneration shall not be altered during their continuance in office.
55. The Supreme Court shall maintain the classification of cases and its record and shall have the jurisdiction and authority over the subordinate courts and matters relating to justice as prescribed in the law.
56. The Supreme Court shall have supervisory authority over all Courts within its jurisdiction and may do any of the following things,-
(a) To hear case upon call for returns and cause to do so;
(b) Direct to transfer of any suit or appeal from any such court to any other Court of equal or superior jurisdiction;
(c) Make and issue Rules and prescribe forms for regulating the practice and proceedings of such courts;
(d) Prescribe forms in which books, entries, accounts and case files shall be kept by the Courts;
Provided that such rules and forms shall be consistent with the provisions of any law for the time being in force.
57. Until steps have been taken in regard to any matter Covered by the provisions of this chapter, the existing laws and regulations in regard to that matter shall continue to be in force.
58. Act shall be made for the protection of judges and other officers acting judicially, for acts done or ordered to be issued by them in good faith in the discharge of their duties.
59. Nothing contained in this Act shall derogate from the right of Shree Teen Maharaja to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remission of punishments.

PART- VI MISCELLANEOUS

60. As Soon after the commencement of this Act as expedient, the Government shall provide for universal, free, compulsory, elementary education, and technical and higher education will be provided by the State to the extent necessary to prepare candidates for wide opportunities of service of the people of Nepal. In addition, the State
will provide as far as possible for the elimination of illiteracy. The aim of educational institutions shall be good moral training, personal and vocational efficiency and the development of the spirit of nationality and international friendliness.

61. The Government shall have the authority to raise loans for the development of the State or in times of emergency, provided that it shall lay this information before the Legislative Assembly at its next meeting.

62.

(a) Shree Teen Maharaja shall appoint an Auditor General (Pradhan Janchakee) to audit the income and expenditure of the state pursuant to the Rule made by the Government.He shall only be appointed and removed from office in like manner and on like grounds as a judge of the Pradhan Nyayalaya.

(b) The Auditor-General shall submit to Shree Teen Maharaja a report, relating to the accounts of the State, for being laid before the both Chambers of the Legislative Assembly.
63. All acts and contracts made by the Council of Ministers in exercise of its executive authority shall be expressed on behalf of the Government of Nepal.
64. (a) The Government shall frame Rules implementing and elucidating this Act, especially with regard to fundamental rights,panchayats, judiciary, auditors, education, recruitment,promotions and transfers for the civil and military service and for the purpose of safeguarding the interests of public servants and the armed forces and for all matters not provided for in the Act.
(b) The Government shall also frame Rules regarding the qualifications of the voters and candidates, delimitations of
constituencies, and other matters relating to election.

65. (a) There shall be a Darkhasta Parishad (Public Service Commission), constituted by Shree Teen Maharaja for the
propose of recruiting the qualified candidates.
(b) It shall consist of such members as may be appointed by Shree Teen Maharaja for the purpose together with representatives of departments where vacancies may have occurred.
(c) It shall be the duty of the Public Service Commission within the Rules to be framed under this Act to examine the fitness and qualifications of candidates for government service and to submit their recommendation.

66. Whereas difficulties may arise in relation to the implementation of this  Act for the first time, Shree Teen Maharaja may issue such orders as may be necessary for removing the difficulties and implementing the
provision of this Act.
67. Any disagreement e about the interpretation of any of the provisions of this Act or Rules framed thereunder, shall be referred to the Chief Judicial Committee which shall give its judgment within two months from the date of reference. This judgment shall be deemed final for all purposes.

68. (a) At the expiration of seven years from the commencement of this Act or if possible earlier as Shree Teen Maharaja, in his sole discretion, may determine, Shree Teen Maharaja shall appoint a Commission. As near half of the members as possible shall be elected by the Legislative Assembly for the purpose of enquiring into the working of the Government, the growth of education, and development of representative institutions, and matters connected
report as to whether and to what extent it is desirable to extend, modify or restrict the degree of constitutional advance then existing therein. The Commission shall also enquire into the report on any other matter which may
be referred to the Commission by Shree Teen Maharaja. Shree Teen Maharaja shall, on report of that Commission, take such action as may be deemed necessary and desirable for implementing the recommendations of the said Commission.

SCHEDULE A -COMPOSITION OF RASTRA SABHA

SCHEDULE A
COMPOSITION OF RASTRA SABHA
1. Elected Members: – 42
(a) The Pradhan Panch of the following Zilla Panchayats: – 32
1. East No. 1.                                                                      6.                                                              Ilam
2. East No. 2.                                                                      7.                                                          West No. 1.
3. East No.3.                                                                       8.                                                          West No.2.
4. East No.4.                                                                      9.                                                            West No.3.
5. Dhankuta.                                                                     10.                                                            West No.4.
11. Palpa.                                                                            22.                                                            Bara Parsa.
12. Gulmi.                                                                          23.                                                             Rauthat.
13. Sallyana.                                                                      24.                                                            Mahotari.
14. Piuthan                                                                       25.                                                                Sarlahi.
15. Dailekh.                                                                       26.                                                                  Saptari.
16. Doti.                                                                            27.                                                                    Siraha.
17. Dandeldhura.                                                             28                                                                   Morang & Jhapa.
18. Baitadi.                                                                         29.                                                          PaIhi and Majhkhand.
19. Jumla.                                                                            30.                                                              Khajhani & Seoraj.
20. Chisapani.                                                                       31.                                                  Banke and Bardia
21. The Valley Proper                                                          32.                                                   Kailali & Kanchanpur.

(b) The Pradhan Panch of the following Nagar Panchayats :- 4

33. Kathmandu                   34. Patan.                              35 Bhaktapur.                              36. Birganj
Note: The boundaries of constituencies may, taking the areas and population into consideration, be redrawn so as to give equal representation as far as Possible, but the number of total seats shall in no case vary.
(c) List of the interests to be represented in the Rastra Sabha by election and the seats allotted to each.
Interests (Constituencies)-
(i) Merchants and traders 1 those paying Rs. 100 or more to the Government as customs duty or market fees shall elect one representative from among themselves. 1
(ii) Zamindars (Landlordas) and holders of Birtas 1 Those owning 20 Ropanis or 10 Bighas of land or their equivalent in the hill districts or more or those paying Rs. 1,000 or more to Government as land revenue shall elect one representative from among themselves. 2
(iii) Intelligentsia Matriculates or Madhyama or those with higher qualifications shall elect at least a graduate or an Acharya or those having equivalent qualification in Nepali. 1
(iv) Government servants 1
(v) Labour 1
Note: Rules and Regulations concerning Sections (iv) and (v) shall be framed by Government.
2. Nominated members – 28
Shree Teen Maharaja will nominate these.