Chapter – 1
Chapter – 1 Preliminary
1. Short Title, Extension and Commencement :
1) This Act may be called “The Electronic Transactions act,2063 (2008)”.
(2) This Act shall be deemed to have been commenced from 24 Bhadra 2063 ( sep.2, 2006).
(3) This Act shall extend throughout Nepal and shall also apply to any person residing anywhere by committing an offence in contravention to
this Act.
2. Definitions : Unless the subject or context otherwise requires, in this Act,-
(a) “Asymmetric Crypto System” means a system that creates a secured key-pair consisting of a private key creating a digital signature and a
public key to verify the digital signature.
(b) “License” means a license obtained pursuant to Sub-section (3) of Section 18.
(c) “Originator” means a person who generates, stores or transmits electronic records, and this term also includes a person who causes any
other person to carry out such functions: Provided that it shall not include an intermediary.
(d) “Computer” means an electro-magnetic, optical or other high-speed data processing device or system, which performs logical, arithmetic and
memory functions by manipulating electro-magnetic or optical impulses, and also includes all acts of input, output, processing, storage and
computer software or communication facilities which are connected or related to the computer in any computer system or computer network.
(e) “Computer Database” means an information, knowledge and concept or presentation of instructions, which are being prepared or have already
been prepared in word, image, voice or audio visual form in a formalized manner or which have been produced by a computer,
computer system or computer network, with a view to use in a computer, computer system or computer network.
(f) “Computer Network” means an interrelationship between two or more than two computers having interconnection with each other or in contact
of communication.
(g) “Computer System” means a device or a group of devices, containing all computer programmes including input and output support devices,
electronic instructions, input and output data that performs logical, arithmetic, data storage and retrieval, communication including controlling functions.
(h) “Computer Resource” means a computer, computer system, computer network, data, computer database or software.
(i) “Subscriber” means a person who has obtained a certificate under Sub- section (3) of Section 31.
(j) “Key Pair” means a private key in an asymmetric crypto system and of pair of public key, interconnected in a mathematics form with the
private key which has a code to verify digital signature by the public key to be created from the private key.
(k) “Data” means the presentation of information, knowledge, fact and concept or instructions in any form, which are kept in a formalized
manner in a computer system or computer network and is intended for processing the same, or processed or stored in a computer memory.
(l) “Tribunal” means the Information Technology Tribunal formed pursuant to section 60.
(m) “Private Key” means a key of any key pair used to create a digital signature.
(n) “Controller” means the Controller appointed or designated pursuant to section 13.
(o) “Digital Signature” means a signature made in any electronic form to be included in the transformation of electronic record by a person having a
non- transformed initial electronic record and the public key of signatory by using a type of asymmetric crypto system that may clearly ascertain
the following matters:
(1) Whether or not transformation of electronic record was created by using a type of private key keeping a logical consistency with
the public key of signatory; and
(2) Whether or not the initial electronic record has been changed after the transformation of electronic record.
(p) “Access” means an opportunity of gaining entry into, logical, arithmetical or resources of memory function of any computer,
computer system or computer network, giving instructions to such resources or making communication contact with such resources.
(q) “Appellate Tribunal” means the Information Technology Appellate Tribunal formed pursuant to section 66.
(r) “Certificate” means a Digital Signature Certificate issued by the Certifying Authority under Section 30.
(s) “Certification Practice Statement” means any statement issued by a Certifying Authority to specify the practices to be applied by the
Certifying Authority while issuing a Digital Signature Certificate.
(t) “Certifying Authority” means a certifying authority which has obtained a license to issue a Digital Signature Certificate under Sub-section (3) of
Section 18.
(u) “Addressee” means a person receiving the processed electronic record as intended by the originator.
Provided that it shall not include an intermediary.
(v) “Electronic Record” means the data, record, image or sound transmitted, received or stored in an electronic form by generating the same through
any means.
(w) “Electronic Form” means a form of information transmitted, received or stored by generating the same through the means of magnetic, optical,
computer memory or similar other devices.
(x) “Public Key” means a key of any key pair used to verify digital signature.
(y) “Information” means the data details of the scripted texts, images, sounds, codes, computer programmes, software and computer databases.
(z) “Information system” means a system to generate, produce, transmit, receive, store and display information or to process the same by other
method.
(aa) Software” means any specific part of computer system such as system software and application software having the capacity for operating
computer hardware.
(ab) “Computer Accessory” means a technology such as computer resource, the information used by any institution in its business, a software-like
item produced or purchased by such an institution, hardware and computer network.
(ac) “Government Authority” means a Ministry, Secretariat, Department of Government of Nepal or the Offices thereunder, Constitutional Body or
the Offices thereunder, Court or Tribunal or Office of the Nepal Army and it shall also includes other Offices of the similar nature.
(ad) “Public Institution” means the following institutions:-
(1) A company, bank or board whether fully or partially owned or controlled by Government of Nepal , or a Commission agency, authority, corporation, enterprise board, centre, council and other corporate body of the similar nature established by Government of Nepal pursuant to the laws prevailing.
(2) A university, school, research centre, and other similar academic or educational institutions operated by Government of Nepal or which have been receiving a full or partial grant from Government of Nepal,
(3) The Local Bodies formed under the Local Self-Governance Act, 1998 (2055 B.S);
(4) The Institutions run on the loan, grant or guarantee of Government of Nepal;
(5) The Institution which is fully or partially owned or controlled by the institution referred to in sub-Clauses (1), (2), (3) or (4) or
which receiving grant from such institution;
(6) Any other Institutions prescribed by Government of Nepal as a public institution by a notification published in the Nepal Gazette.
(ae) “Prescribed” or “As prescribed” means prescribed or as prescribed in Rules framed under this Act.
121 Comments
fcn free gay chat
free chat on gay webcam
gay phone chat
gay bear chat
gay aam chat
gay roulette chat
professional essay help
us based essay writing service
college entrance essay writing service
buy essay
academic essay writing services
cheap law essay writing service
best essay writing services
best essay writing service review
write my college essay
write my essay paper
essay writers review
college application essay help
pay to write my essay
where to buy essays
services essay
buy cheap essay
best essay writing websites
help me write my college essay
us essay writing service
need help writing an essay
help write essay
best essay writing service review
essay customer service
essay writer helper
write my essay
college scholarship essay help
essay writing service review
personal essay writers
cheap custom essay papers
help for essay writing
homework essay help
can t write my essay
online essay writers
top essay writing service
essay writing service forum
best essay writing
custom essay service
college essay editing services
best essays
essay writers for hire
essay help chat room
buy college essay
higher english essay help
buy an essay online
helping others essays
buying essays online
graduate school essay writing service
college admission essay service
college essay writing service reviews
best online essay writer
custom essay writing services
best custom essay writing service
persuasive essay help
help me essays
the help essay questions
custom college essays
best cheap essay
essay writing services reviews
legitimate essay writing services
professional college application essay writers
Türkiye Haberleri
i cant write my essay
help me write my essay
paid essay writers
essay writers canada
help writing college application essay
essay writing help for students
analysis essay help
urgent essay help
custom essays writing service
essay editing service online
academic essay services
college essay service
essay correction service
buy an essay online
cheap essay services
university essay help
editing essay services
auto essay writer
psychology essay writing services
persuasive essay writer
pay for essay cheap
nice blog post, continue writing.
good job, continue writing. best way to download youtube videos
mail mother fuka notification https://ringtonessphone.com/mail-mother-fuka.html
google offline game https://chromedinos.com
best ringtones https://ringtonessbase.com
instrumental ringtones https://downloadfreeringtoness.com/instrumental-ringtones
free sound effects https://sounddeffects.com
coursework info
custom coursework writing
online coursework
Excellent post. I was checking constantly this
Extremely useful information specially the last part
care for such info much. I was seeking this particular information for a very long
time. Thank you
Great post. Keep posting such kind of information on your page.
Im really impressed by it.
I will certainly digg it and in my opinion recommend to my friends.
I am confident they will be benefited from this web site.
It was very useful information. Thanks for sharing this information.
I will be happy to visit my website.
Thank You
Greetings! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I really enjoy reading your blog posts. Can you suggest any other blogs/websites/forums that cover the same topics? Thanks a lot!
Hey! Do you use Twitter? I’d like to follow you if that would be ok. I’m undoubtedly enjoying your blog and look forward to new updates.
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You obviously know what youre talking about, why waste your intelligence on just posting videos to your blog when you could be giving us something enlightening to read?
I simply couldn’t go away your website prior to suggesting that I actually loved the usual information an individual provide on your guests? Is going to be again continuously to investigate cross-check new posts
You made some respectable points there. I looked on the web for the difficulty and located most individuals will go along with with your website.
I have recently started a site, the info you offer on this web site has helped me greatly. Thanks for all of your time & work.
hello!,I like your writing so much! share we communicate more about your post on AOL? I need a specialist on this area to solve my problem. Maybe that’s you! Looking forward to see you.
Thanks for your recommendations on this blog. 1 thing I wish to say is the fact purchasing electronic products items through the Internet is nothing new. Actually, in the past few years alone, the market for online electronic devices has grown considerably. Today, you’ll find practically just about any electronic tool and product on the Internet, ranging from cameras and camcorders to computer spare parts and game playing consoles.
One other important issue is that if you are a senior, travel insurance pertaining to pensioners is something that is important to really think about. The mature you are, the more at risk you might be for permitting something negative happen to you while in foreign countries. If you are definitely not covered by a few comprehensive insurance policies, you could have a number of serious complications. Thanks for sharing your advice on this blog site.
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You obviously know what youre talking about, why throw away your intelligence on just posting videos to your blog when you could be giving us something informative to read?
Good write-up, I?m regular visitor of one?s website, maintain up the excellent operate, and It is going to be a regular visitor for a lengthy time.
I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own blog and was curious what all is required to get set up? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very web savvy so I’m not 100 positive. Any recommendations or advice would be greatly appreciated. Appreciate it
Hey very cool blog!! Man .. Beautiful .. Amazing .. I’ll bookmark your website and take the feeds also?I’m happy to find so many useful information here in the post, we need develop more techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .
Just wish to say your article is as astonishing. The clarity in your post is simply excellent and i could assume you are an expert on this subject. Fine with your permission allow me to grab your feed to keep updated with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please keep up the enjoyable work.
Sweet blog! I found it while browsing on Yahoo News. Do you have any tips on how to get listed in Yahoo News? I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there! Thanks
certainly like your web-site however you have to take a look at the spelling on quite a few of your posts. Several of them are rife with spelling problems and I to find it very bothersome to tell the truth then again I?ll surely come back again.
Spot on with this write-up, I actually think this web site needs much more consideration. I?ll most likely be once more to learn much more, thanks for that info.
I have been browsing online greater than three hours nowadays, but I by no means discovered any attention-grabbing article like yours. It?s pretty value sufficient for me. Personally, if all web owners and bloggers made just right content as you probably did, the net will likely be much more helpful than ever before.
I just could not depart your website prior to suggesting that I extremely enjoyed the standard info a person provide for your visitors? Is gonna be back often in order to check up on new posts
Oh my goodness! an amazing article dude. Thanks However I am experiencing problem with ur rss . Don?t know why Unable to subscribe to it. Is there anyone getting an identical rss downside? Anybody who is aware of kindly respond. Thnkx
Pretty great post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wished to say that I have really loved browsing your blog posts. In any case I will be subscribing on your feed and I’m hoping you write again soon!
Do you have a spam issue on this blog; I also am a blogger, and I was wondering your situation; we have created some nice practices and we are looking to swap solutions with other folks, why not shoot me an email if interested.
Excellent blog here! Also your web site loads up very fast! What host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my site loaded up as quickly as yours lol
It is really a great and helpful piece of information. I?m glad that you shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing.
Howdy this is somewhat of off topic but I was wanting to know if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with HTML. I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding experience so I wanted to get guidance from someone with experience. Any help would be enormously appreciated!
I am very happy to read this. This is the type of manual that needs to be given and not the accidental misinformation that’s at the other blogs. Appreciate your sharing this greatest doc.
Thanks for the helpful posting. It is also my belief that mesothelioma cancer has an particularly long latency time, which means that signs and symptoms of the disease might not emerge until eventually 30 to 50 years after the 1st exposure to mesothelioma. Pleural mesothelioma, that is the most common sort and has effects on the area about the lungs, might cause shortness of breath, breasts pains, as well as a persistent coughing, which may produce coughing up our blood.
I like the valuable info you provide in your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and check again here regularly. I’m quite sure I will learn lots of new stuff right here! Good luck for the next!
One other issue is when you are in a scenario where you will not have a co-signer then you may really want to try to make use of all of your school funding options. You’ll find many grants or loans and other free college funding that will ensure that you get funds to help with school expenses. Thanks for the post.
I am really loving the theme/design of your web site. Do you ever run into any internet browser compatibility problems? A few of my blog readers have complained about my blog not working correctly in Explorer but looks great in Firefox. Do you have any advice to help fix this problem?
Thank you for another excellent article. Where else could anybody get that type of info in such a perfect means of writing? I’ve a presentation next week, and I’m at the look for such information.
Thanks for the helpful posting. It is also my belief that mesothelioma cancer has an particularly long latency time period, which means that warning signs of the disease won’t emerge till 30 to 50 years after the first exposure to asbestos fiber. Pleural mesothelioma, that’s the most common style and has effects on the area round the lungs, might cause shortness of breath, breasts pains, including a persistent coughing, which may lead to coughing up body.
I have come across that now, more and more people will be attracted to camcorders and the industry of images. However, really being a photographer, you should first shell out so much of your time deciding the model of dslr camera to buy plus moving out of store to store just so you may buy the least expensive camera of the brand you have decided to settle on. But it isn’t going to end just there. You also have take into consideration whether you should buy a digital digital camera extended warranty. Thanks a bunch for the good guidelines I obtained from your blog site.
One thing is that when you are searching for a education loan you may find that you will want a cosigner. There are many circumstances where this is true because you may find that you do not possess a past credit score so the loan provider will require you have someone cosign the money for you. Good post.
great points altogether, you simply gained a new reader. What would you recommend in regards to your post that you made a few days ago? Any positive?
Thanks for your article. Another issue is that just being a photographer involves not only problems in capturing award-winning photographs but hardships in acquiring the best photographic camera suited to your needs and most especially struggles in maintaining the quality of your camera. This really is very genuine and clear for those photography lovers that are in capturing the nature’s fascinating scenes – the mountains, the forests, the actual wild and the seas. Going to these adventurous places unquestionably requires a digital camera that can surpass the wild’s hard settings.
Generally I don’t read article on blogs, however I wish to say that this write-up very forced me to take a look at and do it! Your writing style has been amazed me. Thanks, very nice post.
I’m impressed by the quality of this content! The author has obviously put a tremendous amount of effort into exploring and structuring the information. It’s exciting to come across an article that not only offers valuable information but also keeps the readers hooked from start to finish. Great job to her for making such a brilliant work!
One thing I would like to say is car insurance cancellations is a horrible experience so if you’re doing the correct things like a driver you’ll not get one. A lot of people do have the notice that they’ve been officially dropped by the insurance company and several have to fight to get more insurance after the cancellation. Inexpensive auto insurance rates tend to be hard to get from cancellation. Knowing the main reasons pertaining to auto insurance canceling can help drivers prevent getting rid of in one of the most important privileges obtainable. Thanks for the thoughts shared by means of your blog.
… [Trackback]
[…] Read More on on that Topic: lawcommission.gov.np/en/?p=16951 […]
Wow, superb blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your web site is fantastic, let alone the content!
Very nice post. I simply stumbled upon your weblog and wished to say that I’ve really enjoyed browsing your weblog posts. After all I will be subscribing for your feed and I am hoping you write once more very soon!
http://www.xn--loschuas-i3a.com/noticias/exhuman-tres-cadaveres-sepultados-en-fosa-clandestina-en-la-ceiba
Thanks for your tips about this blog. 1 thing I want to say is the fact purchasing electronic devices items on the Internet is not new. In truth, in the past decades alone, the marketplace for online gadgets has grown considerably. Today, you could find practically almost any electronic device and devices on the Internet, which include cameras and also camcorders to computer parts and video games consoles.
Thanks for your write-up. One other thing is that individual American states have their particular laws which affect homeowners, which makes it very difficult for the our elected representatives to come up with a different set of rules concerning foreclosed on householders. The problem is that a state has own legal guidelines which may work in a negative manner on the subject of foreclosure plans.
Hi there, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar one and i was just curious if you get a lot of spam feedback? If so how do you stop it, any plugin or anything you can suggest? I get so much lately it’s driving me insane so any assistance is very much appreciated.
You should take part in a contest for among the best blogs on the web. I’ll recommend this website!
http://www.factorytapestry.com is a Trusted Online Wall Hanging Tapestry Store. We are selling online art and decor since 2008, our digital business journey started in Australia. We sell 100 made-to-order quality printed soft fabric tapestry which are just too perfect for decor and gifting. We offer Up-to 50 OFF Storewide Sale across all the Wall Hanging Tapestries. We provide Fast Shipping USA, CAN, UK, EUR, AUS, NZ, ASIA and Worldwide Delivery across 100+ countries.
I have discovered some points through your website post. One other stuff I would like to express is that there are several games out there designed especially for preschool age youngsters. They consist of pattern recognition, colors, wildlife, and patterns. These normally focus on familiarization rather than memorization. This makes children occupied without having a sensation like they are studying. Thanks
I just couldn’t depart your website before suggesting that I really enjoyed the standard info a person provide for your visitors? Is gonna be back often to check up on new posts
okmark your weblog and check again here frequently. I am quite certain I will learn a lot of new stuff right here! Good luck for the next!
Hey there! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any tips?
… [Trackback]
[…] Find More Information here to that Topic: lawcommission.gov.np/en/?p=16951 […]
I’m impressed by the quality of this content! The author has undoubtedly put a great amount of effort into exploring and organizing the information. It’s exciting to come across an article that not only gives valuable information but also keeps the readers engaged from start to finish. Great job to her for producing such a remarkable piece!
I think this is among the most significant info for me. And i am glad reading your article. But wanna remark on few general things, The website style is wonderful, the articles is really nice : D. Good job, cheers
Do you have a spam issue on this website; I also am a blogger, and I was wanting to know your situation; we have developed some nice procedures and we are looking to swap methods with others, please shoot me an e-mail if interested.
… [Trackback]
[…] Here you can find 27331 additional Info on that Topic: lawcommission.gov.np/en/?p=16951 […]
Wow, incredible blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you make blogging look easy. The overall look of your site is fantastic, as well as the content!
It?s hard to search out knowledgeable people on this matter, but you sound like you understand what you?re talking about! Thanks
“Saya sangat terkesan dengan layanan dan pengalaman bermain di Beijing Toto. Mereka menawarkan berbagai pilihan permainan yang menarik dan peluang kemenangan yang sangat menjanjikan. Selain itu, situs ini sangat mudah dinavigasi, dan layanan pelanggan mereka sangat responsif. Saya telah menikmati banyak kemenangan di sini dan pasti akan merekomendasikan Beijing Toto kepada teman-teman saya!”
Saya dengan senang hati merekomendasikan BeijingToto sebagai sumber terpercaya untuk permainan togel dan hiburan online. Mereka menawarkan berbagai pilihan permainan yang menarik dan pengalaman bermain yang aman. Saya telah menjadi pelanggan setia mereka dan sangat puas dengan layanan yang mereka berikan. Ayo bergabung dengan BeijingToto untuk keseruan tak terlupakan! 🎉😊👍
Saya sangat senang menemukan BeijingToto! Situs ini menawarkan pengalaman bermain yang seru dan menyenangkan. Mereka memiliki berbagai permainan yang menarik dan peluang kemenangan yang fantastis. Saya benar-benar menikmati waktu saya bermain di sini dan telah meraih beberapa kemenangan besar. Terima kasih kepada tim BeijingToto atas layanan yang luar biasa! Saya pasti akan merekomendasikan situs ini kepada teman-teman saya.
Wah, gue lagi jatuh cinta sama platform taruhan online, nih! Gak nyangka 86BOS bisa jadi pilihan keren buat kita yang suka taruhan online. Jangan sampe ketinggalan, yuk coba aja disini: 86BOS. Seru banget, bro! 😎💰 #CuanTerus #TaruhanOnlineMakinAsyik
Wih, 86BOS emang jadi pilihan yang oke, bro! Keren banget nih tempatnya, coba deh kamu cek di sini: 86BOS. Pasti bakal ketagihan main di sana, deh! 👍💯
Wow, gue baru aja coba main di 86BOS dan seru banget, bro! Banyak game keren dan kesempatan menang gede. Mantap lah! 👌😎
Tentu, bro! Situs cr7vip ini bener-bener keren banget. Mereka punya koleksi barang yang oke punya. Bisa jadi pilihan tepat buat gaya lo. Semua produknya keren-keren dan up-to-date, jadi pasti bakal bikin lo tampil lebih kece! Jangan ragu buat mampir ke sana. 👍😉
Wah, gue baru aja cek website cr7vip nih, dan serius deh, mereka punya koleksi yang keren banget! Gak sabar buat belanja di sana lagi. 😊
Wah, gengs! Gak mau ketinggalan nih, aku baru aja nyobain “cr7vip” dan beneran keren banget! Bukan cuma hoki dalam permainannya, tapi juga keren dalam hal hiburan dan keseruan. Jadi, aku saranin kalian semua buat coba sendiri di sini: cr7vip. Gak bakal nyesel deh! 💯🔥 #Cr7VIP #GameOn
“Wow, saya benar-benar terinspirasi oleh konten yang disajikan di gasteruscuy! Situs ini memberikan wawasan yang sangat berharga tentang berbagai topik yang saya minati.
“Saya baru-baru ini mengunjungi gasteruscuy dan saya sangat terkesan dengan kontennya! Mereka menawarkan informasi yang sangat bermanfaat dan menarik.
Terima kasih atas artikel yang sangat informatif ini! Saya sangat tertarik dengan topik yang Anda bahas di sini. Saya juga menemukan produk yang menarik di situs gasteruscuy. Mereka memiliki pilihan yang luar biasa dan harga yang sangat terjangkau.
Hello there, just changed into alert to your weblog via Google, and found that it is really informative. I am gonna be careful for brussels. I will be grateful if you proceed this in future. Many folks shall be benefited out of your writing. Cheers!
Have you ever thought about creating an e-book or guest authoring on other blogs? I have a blog centered on the same topics you discuss and would really like to have you share some stories/information. I know my readers would enjoy your work. If you’re even remotely interested, feel free to shoot me an email.
I have really learned result-oriented things by means of your website. One other thing I would like to say is always that newer computer system os’s have a tendency to allow a lot more memory to be utilized, but they additionally demand more storage simply to run. If a person’s computer could not handle much more memory as well as newest software package requires that memory increase, it may be the time to buy a new PC. Thanks
… [Trackback]
[…] Info to that Topic: lawcommission.gov.np/en/?p=16951 […]
Thank you for some other wonderful post. Where else
may anyone get that kind of information in such a perfect
means of writing? I have a presentation subsequent week, and I am on the look for such
info.
… [Trackback]
[…] Read More Info here to that Topic: lawcommission.gov.np/en/?p=16951 […]
This is a topic that’s near to my heart… Many thanks!
Where are your contact details though?
I’ve read several just right stuff here. Certainly worth bookmarking for revisiting.
I wonder how a lot effort you place to make the sort of wonderful informative website.
I simply could not depart your site prior to suggesting that I really loved the usual information a person provide to
your guests? Is going to be back steadily in order to investigate cross-check new posts